Vim Cheat Sheet

Global

:h[elp] cuvant keye - ajutor pentru cuvantul keye
:sav[eas] fisier - salveaza fisierul ca
:clo[se] - inchide panoul current
:ter[minal] - open a terminal window
K - global.commands.K

Tip Run vimtutor in a terminal to learn the first Vim commands.

Mutarea cursorului

h - muta cursorul la stanga
j - muta cursorul la dreapta
k - muta cursolul in sus
l - muta cursolul in jos
gj - move cursor down (multi-line text)
gk - move cursor up (multi-line text)
H - dute la inceputul ecranului
M - dute la mijlocul ecranului
L - dute la sfarsitul ecranului
w - sari la inceputul cuvantului
W - sari la inceputul cuvantului (cuvintele pot contine semne de punctuatie)
e - sari la sfarsitul cuvantului
E - sari la sfarsitul cuvantului (cuvintele pot contine semne de punctuatie)
b - sari inapoi la inceputul cuvantului
B - sari inapoi la inceputul cuvantului (cuvintele pot contine semne de punctuatie)
ge - jump backwards to the end of a word
gE - jump backwards to the end of a word (words can contain punctuation)
% - cursorMovement.commands.percent
0 - sari la inceputul liniei
^ - sari la primul caracter care nu e liber de la inceputul liniei
$ - sari la sfarsitul liniei
g_ - sari la ultimul caracter non-blank al liniei
gg - dute la prima linie a documentului
G - dute la ultima linie a documentului
5gg or 5G - dute la linia 5
gd - move to local declaration
gD - move to global declaration
fx - dute la urmatoarea referinta a caracterului x
tx - dute la referinta precendenta a caracterului x
Fx - cursorMovement.commands.Fx
Tx - cursorMovement.commands.Tx
; - cursorMovement.commands.semicolon
, - cursorMovement.commands.comma
} - sari la urmatorul paragraf (sau functie/bloc, cand editezi cod)
{ - cursorMovement.commands.openCurlyBrace
zz - cursorMovement.commands.centerCursor
zt - position cursor on top of the screen
zb - position cursor on bottom of the screen
Ctrl + e - cursorMovement.commands.CtrlPluse
Ctrl + y - cursorMovement.commands.CtrlPlusy
Ctrl + b - mergi inapoi un ecran intreg
Ctrl + f - mergi inainte un ecran intreg
Ctrl + d - mergi inainte jumatate de ecran
Ctrl + u - mergi inapoi jumatate de ecran

Tip Prefixeaza comanda de miscare a cursorului cu un numar pentru a o repeta. De exemplu, 4j muta cursorul cu 4 linii in jos.

Modul de inserare - inserare/adaugare text

i - insereaza inainte de cursor
I - insereaza la inceputul liniei
a - insereaza (adauga) dupa cursor
A - insereaza (adauga) la sfarsitul liniei
o - adauga (deschide) o noua linie sub linia curenta
O - adauga (deschide) o noua linie inaintea liniei curente
ea - insereaza (adauga) la sfarsitul cuvantului
Ctrl + h - delete the character before the cursor during insert mode
Ctrl + w - delete word before the cursor during insert mode
Ctrl + j - begin new line during insert mode
Ctrl + t - indent (move right) line one shiftwidth during insert mode
Ctrl + d - de-indent (move left) line one shiftwidth during insert mode
Ctrl + n - insert (auto-complete) next match before the cursor during insert mode
Ctrl + p - insert (auto-complete) previous match before the cursor during insert mode
Ctrl + rx - insert the contents of register x
Ctrl + ox - Temporarily enter normal mode to issue one normal-mode command x.
Esc or Ctrl + c - iesi din modul inserare

Editare

r - inlocuieste un singur caracter
R - replace more than one character, until ESC is pressed.
J - lipeste lina curenta cu cea dedesubt
gJ - editing.commands.gJ
gwip - editing.commands.gwip
g~ - switch case up to motion
gu - change to lowercase up to motion
gU - change to uppercase up to motion
cc - schimba (inlocuieste) toata linia
c$ or C - schimba (inlocuieste) pana la sfarsitul liniei
ciw - editing.commands.ciw
cw or ce - schimba (inlocuieste) pana la sfarsitul cuvantului
s - sterge caracterul si inlocuieste
S - sterge linia si inlocuieste (asemeni cc)
xp - transpune 2 caractere (sterge si lipeste)
u - undo (anulare)
U - restore (undo) last changed line
Ctrl + r - redo (refacere)
. - repeta comanda anterioara

Marcarea textului (modul vizual)

v - incepe modul vizual, marcheaza linii, apoi trimite o comanda (precum <kbd>y</kbd>-copie)
V - incepe modul vizual in relatie cu liniile
o - dute la sfarsitul sectiunii marcate
Ctrl + v - incepe modul vizual de tip sectiune
O - dute la celalat colt al sectiunii
aw - marcheaza un cuvant
ab - o sectiune cu ()
aB - o sectiune cu {}
at - a block with <> tags
ib - sectiunea interioara cu ()
iB - sectiunea interioara cu {}
it - inner block with <> tags
Esc or Ctrl + c - iesi din modul vizual

Tip Instead of b or B one can also use ( or { respectively.

Commandes du mode visuel

> - muta textul la dreapta
< - muta textul la stanga
y - copie textul markat
d - sterge textul marcat
~ - schimba capitala caracterului (majuscula/litera mica)
u - change marked text to lowercase
U - change marked text to uppercase

Registre

:reg[isters] - arata continutul registrelor
"xy - copie in registrul x
"xp - lipeste continutul registului x
"+y - yank into the system clipboard register
"+p - paste from the system clipboard register

Tip Registrele sunt salvate in ~/.viminfo, si vor fi incarcate din nou la urmatorul restart

Tip Special registers:

0 - last yank
" - unnamed register, last delete or yank
% - current file name
# - alternate file name
* - clipboard contents (X11 primary)
+ - clipboard contents (X11 clipboard)
/ - last search pattern
: - last command-line
. - last inserted text
- - last small (less than a line) delete
= - expression register
_ - black hole register

Insemne

:marks - lista insemnelor
ma - seteaza pozitia curenta pentru insemnul A
`a - sari la pozitia insemnului A
y`a - copie textul pana la pozitia insemnului A
`0 - go to the position where Vim was previously exited
`" - go to the position when last editing this file
`. - go to the position of the last change in this file
`` - go to the position before the last jump
:ju[mps] - list of jumps
Ctrl + i - go to newer position in jump list
Ctrl + o - go to older position in jump list
:changes - list of changes
g, - go to newer position in change list
g; - go to older position in change list
Ctrl + ] - jump to the tag under cursor

Tip To jump to a mark you can either use a backtick (`) or an apostrophe ('). Using an apostrophe jumps to the beginning (first non-blank) of the line holding the mark.

Macros

qa - inregistreaza macro-ul a
q - termina inregistrea macro-ului a
@a - ruleaza macro a
@@ - ruleaza ultimul macro

Copiere/taiere si lipire

yy - copie o linie
2yy - copie 2 linii
yw - copie un cuvant
yiw - copie cuvantul de sub cursor
yaw - copie cuvantul de sub cursor si spatiul dinaintea lui
y$ or Y - copie pana la sfarsitul liniei
p - lipeste din clipboard dupa cursor
P - lipeste inainte de cursor
gp - put (paste) the clipboard after cursor and leave cursor after the new text
gP - put (paste) before cursor and leave cursor after the new text
dd - sterge (taie) o linie
2dd - sterge (taie) 2 linii
dw - sterge (taie) un cuvant
diw - sterge (taie) cuvantul de sub cursor
daw - sterge (taie) cuvantul de sub cursor si spatiul de dinainte si dupa el
:3,5d - delete lines starting from 3 to 5

Tip You can also use the following characters to specify the range:
e.g.

:.,$d - From the current line to the end of the file
:.,1d - From the current line to the beginning of the file
:10,1d - From the 10th line to the beginning of the file

:g/{pattern}/d - delete all lines containing pattern
:g!/{pattern}/d - delete all lines not containing pattern
d$ or D - sterge (taie) pana la sfarsitul liniei
x - sterge (taie) un caracter

Indent text

>> - indent (move right) line one shiftwidth
<< - de-indent (move left) line one shiftwidth
>% - indent a block with () or {} (cursor on brace)
<% - de-indent a block with () or {} (cursor on brace)
>ib - indent inner block with ()
>at - indent a block with <> tags
3== - re-indent 3 lines
=% - re-indent a block with () or {} (cursor on brace)
=iB - re-indent inner block with {}
gg=G - re-indent entire buffer
]p - paste and adjust indent to current line

Iesire

:w - salveaza fisierul, dar nu iesi
:w !sudo tee % - salveaza fisierul folosind sudo
:wq or :x or ZZ - salveaza fisierul si iesi din program
:q - iesi din program (nu iese daca fisierul nu este salvat)
:q! or ZQ - iesi si sterge modificarile din fisier
:wqa - exiting.commands.colonwqa

Cauta si inlocuieste

/pattern - cauta dupa sablon
?pattern - cauta inapoi dupa sablon
\vpattern - sablon 'foarte magic': caracterele non-alfanumerice sunt interpretate ca symboluri regex (nu e nevoie de escaping)
n - repeta cautarea inainte
N - repeta cautarea inapoi
:%s/old/new/g - inlocuieste peste tot old cu new in fisier
:%s/old/new/gc - inlocuieste peste tot old cu new in fisier cu confirmare
:noh[lsearch] - sterge highlightul cuvintelor potrivite

Cauta in fisiere multiple

:vim[grep] /pattern/ {`{file}`} - cauta dupa sablon in fisiere multiple

e.g. :vim[grep] /foo/ **/*

:cn[ext] - sari la urmatoarea potrivire
:cp[revious] - sari la potrivirea anterioara
:cope[n] - deschide o fereastra care contine lista de potriviri
:ccl[ose] - close the quickfix window

Taburi

:tabnew or :tabnew {page.words.file} - deschide fisierul intr-un tab nou
Ctrl + wT - muta fereastra curenta in propriul tab
gt or :tabn[ext] - dute la urmatorul tab
gT or :tabp[revious] - dute la tabul anterior
#gt - dute la tabul cu numarul <kbd>#</kbd>
:tabm[ove] # - dute la tabul din pozitia <kbd>#</kbd>
:tabc[lose] - inchide tabul curent si toate ferestrele lui
:tabo[nly] - inchide toate taburile in afara de cel curent
:tabdo command - ruleaza comanda in toate taburile (ex :tabo q - inchide toate taburile deschise)

Editarea fisierelor multiple

:e[dit] fisier - editeaza fisierul respectin intr-un nou buffer
:bn[ext] - dute la urmatorul buffer
:bp[revious] - dute la bufferul anterior
:bd[elete] - sterge un buffer (inchide fisierul)
:b[uffer]# - go to a buffer by #
:b[uffer] file - go to a buffer by file
:ls or :buffers - arata o lista cu bufferele deschise
:sp[lit] fisier - deschide fisierul intr-un buffer now si imparte fereastra
:vs[plit] fisier - deschide fisierul intr-un buffer now si imparte fereastra vertical
:vert[ical] ba[ll] - edit all buffers as vertical windows
:tab ba[ll] - edit all buffers as tabs
Ctrl + ws - imparte fereastra orizontal
Ctrl + wv - imparte fereastra vertical
Ctrl + ww - schimba fereastra
Ctrl + wq - iesi din fereastra
Ctrl + wx - exchange current window with next one
Ctrl + w= - make all windows equal height & width
Ctrl + wh - muta cursorul in fereastra din stanga (vertical)
Ctrl + wl - muta cursorul in fereastra din dreapta (vertical)
Ctrl + wj - muta cursorul in fereastra de sus (orizontal)
Ctrl + wk - muta cursorul in fereastra de jos (orizontal)
Ctrl + wH - make current window full height at far left (leftmost vertical window)
Ctrl + wL - make current window full height at far right (rightmost vertical window)
Ctrl + wJ - make current window full width at the very bottom (bottommost horizontal window)
Ctrl + wK - make current window full width at the very top (topmost horizontal window)

Diff

zf - manually define a fold up to motion
zd - delete fold under the cursor
za - toggle fold under the cursor
zo - open fold under the cursor
zc - close fold under the cursor
zr - reduce (open) all folds by one level
zm - fold more (close) all folds by one level
zi - toggle folding functionality
]c - jump to start of next change
[c - jump to start of previous change
do or :diffg[et] - obtain (get) difference (from other buffer)
dp or :diffpu[t] - put difference (to other buffer)
:diffthis - make current window part of diff
:dif[fupdate] - update differences
:diffo[ff] - switch off diff mode for current window

Tip The commands for folding (e.g. za) operate on one level. To operate on all levels, use uppercase letters (e.g. zA).

Tip To view the differences of files, one can directly start Vim in diff mode by running vimdiff in a terminal. One can even set this as git difftool.